PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING THE STRUCTURE OF ARTICLE 111-1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE & PROBLEMS OF CLASSIFYING COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES

Abstract

The article considers the problem of excessive structuring and lack of proper classification of forms of
collaboration consolidated within the framework of Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "Collaborative
Activities". Referring to specific examples from judicial practice, it is demonstrated that the aforementioned
structuring has primarily led to unjustified differentiation of responsibility for manifestations of collaborative
activities, the degree of public danger of which does not differ significantly.
The scientific views on the classification of forms of collaborative activities provided for in Art. 111-1 of the
Criminal Code of Ukraine are analyzed. It is substantiated that even the best examples of the relevant
classifications can be useful only at the stage of criminalization as a basis for further determination of specific
manifestations of collaborative activities that should be criminalized in the relevant areas, or at least for proper
regulation of responsibility for acts that have a similar nature and degree of public danger. At the same time, it is
argued that no classification can serve as a proper basis for differentiating criminal liability for individual types
of collaborationism, the features of the components of which are described either within different parts of the same
article, or even in separate articles, which is explained by the fact that such theoretical classifications do not solve
the problem of close interrelation and conditionality and, as a result, the mixing of different types of
collaborationism, which is why in practice almost every real manifestation of the corresponding socially
dangerous behavior must be regarded as collaborationism of different types, and therefore - be qualified by a set
of several separate norms (in which independent components are described), which provide for liability for their
commission.
Taking into account the arguments presented in the article, as well as the experience of regulating criminal
liability for collaborative activities in the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine, it is proposed to unify criminal
liability for all types of collaborative activities and provide for it within a single structure with alternative actions,
which should be the corresponding forms of collaborative activities.

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