JURISDICTION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT IN THE AREAS OF MIXED LEGAL RELATIONSHIPS

Abstract

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the problems of determining the jurisdiction of the
administrative court in disputes arising in areas of mixed legal relationships that combine public and private
interests. The relevance of the topic stems from the growing number of jurisdictional conflicts among
administrative, commercial, and general jurisdiction courts, which negatively affect the effectiveness of judicial
protection and the realization of the right to a fair trial.The purpose of the study is to conduct a scientific and practical analysis of the criteria for distinguishing
among administrative, civil, and commercial jurisdictions in the context of mixed legal relations, and to
substantiate the impact of systemic procedural errors by lower courts on the formation of jurisdictional conflicts.
The paper analyzes procedural law provisions, summarizes legal doctrine's approaches, and examines the current
practice of the highest court in determining proper jurisdiction.
The analysis revealed the absence of an established, consistent practice for distinguishing jurisdiction in mixed
legal disputes. It was found that competition among criteria such as the subject matter, the nature of the disputed
legal relations, the object of judicial protection, and the content of the claims leads to inconsistent decisions in
disputes that are essentially identical. It has been proven that a formal approach to jurisdiction based solely on an
authority's participation is insufficient and does not reflect the essence of a public law dispute.
The author's position that systematic violations of procedural law by courts of first and appellate instance
during the initial qualification of a dispute are a significant but insufficiently researched source of jurisdictional
conflicts is well-founded. It is precisely the erroneous interpretation of the nature of legal relations and the content
of the violated right that leads to multiple referrals of cases between courts of different jurisdictions and to the
formation of a significant body of court decisions aimed at correcting such errors.
The conclusion was reached on the need to clarify the hierarchy of criteria for delimiting jurisdiction, giving
priority to the content of the violated subjective right or interest, and to strengthen procedural discipline at the
level of lower courts. The implementation of these approaches will help ensure the unity of judicial practice,
increase the predictability of court decisions, and strengthen guarantees of effective judicial protection amid the
dynamic development of public-private relations.

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